August 10, 2026

A novel (and increasingly imminent) solution to nuclear waste

When Nucleation's portfolio company, Deep Isolation, choose in early 2025 to access the public markets to complete a reverse merger into a shell company and simultaneously raise approximately $30 million—their last tranche of capital—they did so with one big goal in mind: funding the costs to complete their full-scale test of their deep borehole nuclear waste solution.

Deep Isolation had been, by that point, developing this concept and testing aspects of their design for a full decade, having been founded in Berkeley, California in 2016 by the UC Berkeley physicist and MacArthur Genius Award-winner, Prof. Richard Muller, and his daughter, Elizabeth Muller, in an effort to provide a cheaper, easier and yet potentially permanent alternative solution for disposing and/or storing nuclear waste.

The only other waste solutions that have been developed and used for nuclear waste (post-cooling tank) include ground-level storage in dry cask containers in protected areas on the grounds of nuclear power plants (seen as temporary, not completely satisfactory but largely cost-effective), and below-ground mined repositories that are virtually impossible to site (think Yucca Mountain), are quite expensive, difficult and time-consuming to build and which would require being fully staffed and powered forever (needing electrical power for heat, lights, air circulation and ventilation, among other services, and requiring regulators to perform routine checks and security teams to provide protection around the clock, at enormous expense).

In contrast, the Deep Isolation solution leverages highly mature, deep-borehole drilling technology developed for the oil and gas extraction industry (which has now drilled hundreds of thousands of extractions boreholes) but modified so as to enable sealed stainless steel canisters of waste to be lowered into deep, horizontally-drilled boreholes and either termporarily or permanently sealed up, thereby minimizing ongoing costs.

It is an elegant and highly viable solution because the drilling technology exists to emplace those boreholes in layers of the earth's strata a mile or two underground that are highly stable. Deep Isolation has, in the interim ten years, been amassing patents and now has a portfolio of more than 100 patents protecting this waste storage solution. They have been working to educate potential customers about their solution, earning bits of revenue by developing feasibility studies with EPRI for the U.S. and European countries like the UK, Estonia, Solvenia and, through ERDO, Croatia, Denmark, the Netherlands and Norway. And, importantly, they have developed technology and provider partnerships with groups like Halliburton, Bechtel, Amentuk, NAK, Occlusion Nuclear Solutions and Westinghouse. These partners would do the hard work of the drilling, casing and emplacement—which they already know how to do—and Deep Isolation would continue to make sales and earn a premium as the technology developer and owner of the proprietary aspects of their solution. It's a highly workable solution.

Now that Deep Isolation is a publicly listed company (OTCQB: DBHL), there has been growing press coverage of their activities. We expect that, as word gets out, more investors and analysts will come to recognize that Deep Isolation has a very unique opportunity here to help address the nuclear waste issue. Furthermore, assuming their full-scale testing process is successful, there could be a sharp increase in revenues as orders are placed, which for this still small but highly innovative company, means that nearly all of their growth is ahead of them.

Fortune recently published an article by Jordan Blum, titled This nuclear startup and Halliburton repurposed oil-drilling tech in a bid to solve America's radioactive waste problem.  This title may give Halliburton too much credit but, thanks to its successful reverse merger financing, the company has the requisite capital to pay Halliburton to actually drill a new well at the larger diameter specified by the Deep Isolation design and deploy a full-scale test using the universal canister developed with the help of the U.K. government. Proving that they can actually store waste deep underground is the last hurdle anticipated to be covered before quite a few prospective customers could begin to place orders, according to company officials and others.

The Mullers moved on in 2024, having taken the company as far as they could, but Deep Isolation is now led by Rod Baltzer, the CEO since 2024 and the former COO, who is an experienced oil and gas executive. There could well be a little bit of trial and error completing this first true test of the technology, which must be drilled at about triple the standard fracking well size, yet those in the industry with expertise see no major barriers that would prevent their success, and Mr. Baltzer is up for the challenge.  Meanwhile, the real work is now happening at a time of intense and growing interest in deploying additional nuclear power as a solution to energy security, energy growth and concerns about carbon emissions and climate change, and the emergence of an easier, potentially cheaper and more flexible waste storage option can make those deployment decisions easier.

We are thrilled that Deep Isolation is finally going to be able to showcase a true demonstration of their solution and transition from a trickle of revenue—largely from feasibility studies and government grants—to actual orders in the hundreds of millions for their solution to be implemented both in Europe and in the U.S., where progress is being made in solving the nuclear waste storage impasse. The Trump Administration has already made noises about passing legislation that would enable each state to determine if they would like to host a waste storage facility. We think, placing nuclear waste deep underground in safe but cost-effective boreholes could be one of the most important technological steps forward that helps expand support for nuclear power while preserving our ability access to that used fuel material when we have better waste reprocessing capabilities.

July 13, 2026

Deep Isolation: Now publicly trading and preparing to solve nuclear’s last mile

Nucleation's portfolio company, Deep Isolation, is now a public trading entity, listed on the OTCQB Venture Market as DBHL. We are pleased to have recently announced the registration and listing to our LPs.

Now, the company, led by CEO Rod Baltzer, is focusing its full attention on completing its full-scale demonstration of its technology in Texas. Deep Isolation signed a amaster services agreement with Halliburton, through which Halliburton is providing drilling, well construction and subsurface engineering services for Deep Isolation’s first full-scale demonstration project. Other partners in the project include Westinghouse, NAC International, Occlusion Nuclear Solutions and Amentum.

While few investors are familiar with Deep Isolation Nuclear, as it is now called, Washington Post Intelligence reporter, Kathryn Clay, spoke with Deep Isolation CEO Rod Baltzer about the company’s technology, its recent Department of Energy support, the economics of deep borehole disposal and why he believes advances in drilling technology could reshape the decades-long debate over nuclear waste management. We think you'll find this interview compelling.

Read the WP Intelligence interview here:  https://wpintelligence.washingtonpost.com/topics/energy-climate/2026/07/13/solving-nuclears-last-mile/

May 14, 2026

Deep Isolation’s S-1 approved by SEC, preparing to trade

Nucleation portfolio company, Deep Isolation Nuclear, announced the registration of its S-1 by SEC as of May 8th, which will finally allow the company's shares to commence trading.

This news was shared by the company along with a number of other updates during what became the company's first investor call as a public company on May 14, 2026.

We are pleased to share that, after an extended delay, the SEC has finally declared Deep Isolation's registration statement effective, which allows the company to achieve initial liquidity. The company is now working with the OTC Markets Group to arrange for the company's common stock to be traded on the OTCQB (Quebec) exchange. We will be sending out a notification regarding this liquidity event to appropriate LPs in the coming days.

Among the highlights shared by the company for the first quarter of 2026 were:

  • The launch of the company's non-radiactive, full-scale, at depth demonstration project at the Halliburton Drilling Technology facility near Cameron, Texas.
  • Selection into ARPA-e’s SCALEUP Ready program, providing up to $20 million to accelerate market adoption of Deep Isolation’s deep borehole waste disposal technology and the first time a company in the nuclear industry has been selected to participate.
  • The appointments of a General Counsel, a Chief Financial Officer, a new Board Director and new Advisor.
  • Revenue of $1.4 million, a net loss of $5.4 million for the quarter, with 3/31/26 cash remaining of $22 million.

Please read more at the company's press release "Deep Isolation Nuclear, Inc. Reports Operational and Financial Results for the first quarter of 2026."

February 2, 2026

Deep Isolation Launches Borehole Disposal Demonstration Program ()

Portfolio company, Deep Isolation, launches its Full-Scale, At-Depth Demonstration Program to advance its deep borehole nuclear waste disposal technology and generate operational data to support regulatory confidence, following the completion Project UPWARDS announced in December last year.

February 12, 2024

Nuclear Energy: Now or Never

By Valerie Gardner, Managing Partner

UC Berkeley students' annual Energy Summit addresses the world's energy and resource challenges. This year's conference included a panel titled "Nuclear Energy: Now or Never." Valerie Gardner, Nucleation Capital's managing partner, participated on the panel, bringing her bullish outlook on the prospects for innovation in nuclear to have a significant impact on the world's ability to decarbonize. 

BERC's Nuclear Energy: Now or Never

This year's Berkeley Energy & Resources Collaborative (BERC) Energy Summit included a panel called "Nuclear Energy: Now or Never." There to discuss this topic were UC Berkeley professors, Dan Kamen and Per Peterson, who is also Chief Nuclear Officer at Kairos Power; former Berkeley Ph.D. student, Jessica Lovering, currently the Executive Director of Good Energy Collective; and myself, founder and managing partner of Nucleation Capital. This was, as it turned out, a lively conversation about nuclear power and its prospects in front of a diverse audience of mostly undergrad, graduate students and young professionals.

I'm always happy to talk to students. They are generally well-informed about what's happening with climate change and the risks that it poses to their future. This makes them concerned, distressed but also particularly open-minded. As a climate investor, I spend quite a bit of time reading the science and evaluating a wide range of potential solutions. It is easy to get frustrated and even discouraged by how little progress we are making. I can only imagine how they may feel having to face this crisis.

We're less than six years from 2030, when we are supposed to have achieved a 50% reduction in global emissions. Some countries, including the U.S. have made progress, but we've been unable to move the needle on a global scale, largely because the demand for energy keeps growing, especially in places where they don't have enough even now. But, as it turns out, demand for electricity is growing in the U.S., propelled by the growth of online services, vehicle electrification and technologies like AI and cryptocurrencies.

Unfortunately, even in the U.S. the majority of our power comes from coal and gas, which we cannot afford to continue using they way we have.  According to the latest reporting from Dr. James Hansen, we are already exceeding the "safe" limits of global warming, which was to limit heating to less than 1.5° Celsius of warming (equivalent to an increase of 2.7° Fahrenheit). Because of the scale of the "global warming in the pipeline," we've committed the planet to exceeding those limits and face an exceptionally difficult time securing a "propitious climate" for future generations. This should be a big wake up moment for everyone. It certainly makes me want to shake people out of complacency.

Places like California and Germany, which have leaned in to decarbonization and invested billions into wind and solar, are struggling to keep their grids reliable. While they should have focused on shutting down coal and gas, for mostly political reasons, nuclear was already in the crosshairs. This was a big mistake. Germany, against all climate reason, went ahead with a scheduled shut down of its nuclear power and is paying a huge price, having had to re-open coal plants after Russia invaded Ukraine, a far worse climate, health and energy outcome. California was also planning to shut down its remaining nuclear power plant. Fortunately,  it became clear that the state needed its nuclear plant to avoid blackouts—and, in doing so, could save $21 billion in decarbonization costs while helping it with its climate goals.

Increasingly, results like these establish that nuclear is a central part of a more effective clean energy solution set. Nuclear power, which uses the smallest land footprint, the least amount of material per kilowatt and which has the highest capacity factor, has an "energy return on energy invested" (EROEI) more than 3X that of fossil fuels and more 20X that of wind or solar. It stands alone with the greatest potential to leverage 21st century innovation to produce a new set of truly paradigm-shifting energy solutions. 

Which is what makes nuclear, despite all of its idiosyncratic risks, a compelling investment proposition. The threat to our societies by our continued use of fossil fuels vastly outweigh the risks of expanding the use of nuclear—especially when an advanced generation of designs promise enhanced capabilities, improved safety, boosted fuel efficiency and manufacturing cost-economies.

So, sharing my excitement for the potential of innovative nuclear energy solutions together with some those who are also working on bringing these advanced solutions to market, like Dr. Peterson and his team at Kairos and Dr. Lovering and her team at Good Energy Collective—was a way to help point students towards a future that may well include dozens of new types of energy—spanning fission, fusion and other technologies.

After the panel, a number of students thanked me for my comments, expressed both renewed optimism and an interest in learning more about nuclear. Hopefully, a few of those attending will be inspired to further explore opportunities in the industry.

November 11, 2023

Laura Smoliar: Managing Director, Cria Fund Innovations

Dr. Laura Smoliar is the Founder and Managing Director of Cria Innovations, LLC, a venture fund innovation, and early-stage startup consultancy. She advises Stanford University and serves as the Executive Director of Stanford’s Taiwan Science & Technology Hub as well as emerging venture funds in deep tech and the life sciences. The Taiwan S&T Hub at Stanford was established in 2023 to foster people-to-people interactions between Taiwan and Silicon Valley, with a focus on Science and Technology. The primary objective of the Taiwan S&T Hub (which also has a footprint in Taiwan) is to facilitate collaboration between Taiwan and US academic and entrepreneurial ecosystems, starting with Stanford University and Silicon Valley.

Since 2016, Dr. Smoliar has been a Founding Partner of the Berkeley Catalyst Fund, a venture capital group organized by Dr. Smoliar with a focus on deal flow from UC Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, UC San Francisco, associated incubators and accelerators, and alumni. A portion of the fund’s proceeds are returned to the College of Chemistry at UC Berkeley in a unique and collaborative structure pioneered by Dr. Smoliar. She also founded a start-up in 2005 called Mobius Photonics (acquired by NASDAQ:IPGP), where she served as Chairman and CEO, and where she raised several rounds of funding from investors in the USA and Japan. She has worked in diverse hardware industries including data storage, displays, lasers, and biotech instrumentation. In 2017 Laura was elected a Senior Member of the SPIE and in 2020 she was elected a Fellow of the SPIE. She was awarded the 2017 Judith Pool award by the Association for Women in Science for her mentoring work at Stanford.

Dr. Smoliar earned her Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from UC Berkeley’s College of Chemistry, and studied under Dr. Yuan T. Lee, a Taiwan native who was serving as a professor of chemistry and principal investigator at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California. Dr. Lee has received numerous awards and honors, including the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for his work on chemical dynamics. He brought Dr. Smoliar to Taiwan in 1994 when he became President of Academia Sinica in Taiwan, while she was finishing her Ph.D. studies. Dr. Smoliar also holds an A.B. Summa Cum Laude in Chemistry from Columbia College, Columbia University and serves on the Morningside Science Leadership Council of Columbia University.

April 12, 2022

Berkeley Students Energy Conference looks to a nuclear future

Berkeley students have been organizing an annual Energy Summit, through the student group, Berkeley Energy & Resources Collaborative (BERC) which "connects, educates and motivates students, alumni, faculty and industry professionals to address the world's energy and resource challenges."  Under the inspiration of co-president Dinara Ermakova, a UC Berkeley Ph.D. candidate, this year's summit included a session on the future of nuclear.

The panel, held on April 11, 2022 was moderated by Lou Martinez Sancho, VP of Strategy and Innovation at Kairos power and covered a broad set of questions, reflecting the starting point widely acknowledged and understood by Berkeley's graduate-level students, namely that nuclear energy is clean, safe and reliable and that, as the grid becomes more decentralized, nuclear power will play a critical role in balancing the grid while complementing renewables and energy storage technologies to create a truly clean energy system.

Valerie Gardner, managing partner of Nucleation Capital, was on the panel put together by the student team, which included Wendy Simon-Pearson, an attorney at Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Canon Bryan, CFO at advanced nuclear venture, Terrestrial Energy, and Leslie Dewan, co-founder and CEO at RadiantNano. Together this panel tackled the complex and thoughtful questions posed by the organizers. Under discussion during the session were the following:

1. Given that large conventional Gen III nuclear power has seen rising costs and a certain amount of PR damage for delays in construction, how are Gen IV ventures addressing these issues and continued public concern with cost, safety, and waste management?

2. How does the geopolitical conflict in Ukraine and Europe provide a potential opportunity for renewed interest in and receptiveness towards nuclear energy and will Gen IV be able to reassert itself and help countries that wish to ween themselves of Russian oil and gas achieve energy self-sufficiency?

3. What does the future of nuclear technology look like and what are the most significant barriers to deployment at scale?

4. In light of the growing consensus that, even if we maximize wind and solar development, renewables alone will not deliver the level of decarbonization needed to meet climate goals on time, how does nuclear overcome barriers to obtain entry into conversations about "sustainable" strategies? 

5. Longer term, what are the optimistic prospects for nuclear energy and what changes and initiatives are needed to promote the innovations necessary to keep a seat at the table?

Needless to say, these are the right questions but an hour-long panel does not nearly provide sufficient time to fully cover all of these questions. Nucleation Capital will be publishing a white paper on the answers. If you are interested in receiving a copy, please contact us.

Learn more about The Berkeley Energy Summit 2022 here and see the Agenda for their panels on April 11, 2022 here.

February 20, 2020

Edith Quimby

Edith Quimby (1891 - 1982) was a pioneer in the field of radiation physics, a founder of nuclear medicine, and is considered the first female medical physicist in the United States.

She was born in 1891 in Rockford, Illinois, and earned degrees in physics and mathematics from Whitman College and the University of California, Berkeley. Much of her early work at the Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases in New York focused on the medical effects of radiation and limiting side effects with proper dosages. Furthermore, she was also interested in the safe application of radioactive isotopes in the treatment of thyroid disease, brain tumors, and other cancers.

Edith Quimby helped found the Radiological Research Laboratory at Columbia University, was the first female physicist president of the American Radium Society and was influential in the founding of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. She was a professor at both Cornell University Medical College and Columbia University, and she authored several books throughout her career, including the classic Physical Foundations of Radiology (1944), and over 70 scientific papers.

Awards & Recognition

  • 1940 – Recipient of the Janeway Medal from the American Radium Society
  • 1941 – Awarded the Gold Medal of the Radiological Society of North America
  • 1963 – Awarded the Gold Medal from the American College of Radiology
  • AAPM established a lifetime achievement award in her honor.

Source: Versant Physics, "The Seven Most Influential Women in Radiation History."

© 2026 Nucleation Capital | Terms & Policies

linkedin, for social media footer
X-logo, for social media footer
Nucleation transparent